ubuntu_server_setup
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ubuntu_server_setup [2017/11/23 13:39] mstraub [Enable Automatic Security Updates] |
ubuntu_server_setup [2021/08/26 16:32] mstraub [Java] |
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| ====== Ubuntu Server Setup ====== | ====== Ubuntu Server Setup ====== | ||
| - | This document should outline a few steps that are useful after a fresh install of an Ubuntu Server. | + | This document should outline a few steps that are useful after a fresh install of an Ubuntu Server - last updated for 20.04. |
| - | ===== Basic Packages ===== | + | ===== Install Useful Tools ===== |
| - | If you are dealing with a minimal installation (meta-package ubuntu-minimal) you may want to beef it up a bit. Check what packages are typically bundled e.g. when installing Ubuntu Server or just select your server style: | + | <code bash> |
| - | <code> | + | sudo apt install mlocate htop ncdu ranger tldr tree vim |
| - | tasksel # ncurses GUI | + | |
| - | tasksel --list-tasks | + | |
| - | tasksel --task-packages server | + | |
| </code> | </code> | ||
| - | Some additional packages for easier CLI handling: | + | ===== More Software ===== |
| - | <code> | + | |
| - | sudo apt-get install bash-completion ubuntu-release-upgrader-core software-properties-common | + | ==== Samba / CIFS ==== |
| - | </code> | + | |
| - | ===== Oracle Java ===== | + | If you need to mount Windows network drives: |
| - | If you need Oracle Java install it from this 3rd party repo (which is updated regularly): | ||
| <code bash> | <code bash> | ||
| - | sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java | + | sudo apt install cifs-utils |
| - | sudo apt-get update | + | |
| - | sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer | + | |
| </code> | </code> | ||
| - | [[http://www.webupd8.org/2012/09/install-oracle-java-8-in-ubuntu-via-ppa.html|original source]], [[https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Java/Installation/Oracle_Java/Java_8|more info @ ubuntuusers.de]] | + | ==== Java ==== |
| + | If you are fine with the OpenJDK version that comes with your Ubuntu: | ||
| + | <code bash> | ||
| + | sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk-headless | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | A good alternative if you want other versions is https://adoptopenjdk.net - they provide ppas for free. | ||
| ===== Lighttpd ===== | ===== Lighttpd ===== | ||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
| ===== OpenSSH ===== | ===== OpenSSH ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Disable root login in ''/etc/ssh/sshd_config'': | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | PermitRootLogin no | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| A good baseline is to only allow logins via public key authentication (disable password authentication), except for a fallback user with a very long and complex password. See these lines in ''/etc/ssh/sshd_config'': | A good baseline is to only allow logins via public key authentication (disable password authentication), except for a fallback user with a very long and complex password. See these lines in ''/etc/ssh/sshd_config'': | ||
| Line 57: | Line 63: | ||
| ===== Enable Automatic Security Updates ===== | ===== Enable Automatic Security Updates ===== | ||
| - | Quickly enable unattended upgrades: | + | Install unattended-upgrades: |
| + | |||
| + | <code bash> | ||
| + | sudo apt install unattended-upgrades | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Or reconfigure it if it's already installed: | ||
| <code bash> | <code bash> | ||
| sudo dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades | sudo dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
| + | This creates the file ''/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades''. | ||
| - | Unattended upgrades are configured in ''/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades'' | + | To avoid filling up small hard drives over time (e.g. with multiple kernel versions) it may be useful to activate the equivalent of ''sudo apt autoremove'': |
| - | For machines with limited disk space you should also enable automatic removing of unused kernels by setting ''Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Dependencies'' to ''true'' (works in Ubuntu 16.04). | + | Set ''Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Dependencies'' to ''true'' in ''/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades''. |
| - | FIXME Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Dependencies seems to be broken in Ubuntu 14.04! This entry in ''/etc/crontab'' should do the trick by daily executing autoremove: | + | See also: |
| + | * ''/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades'' (and ''man apt.conf'') | ||
| + | * [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AutomaticSecurityUpdates]]\\ | ||
| + | * [[https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/package-management]] | ||
| - | <code> | ||
| - | 0 0 * * * root apt-get autoremove -y >> /var/log/autoremovecronjob.log 2>&1 | ||
| - | </code> | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AutomaticSecurityUpdates]]\\ | ||
| - | [[https://help.ubuntu.com/16.04/serverguide/automatic-updates.html]] | ||
| ===== Decrease Swappiness ===== | ===== Decrease Swappiness ===== | ||
| Line 89: | Line 98: | ||
| Have a look at at e.g. [[http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/chkrootkit|chkrootkit]] and tiger [[http://www.nongnu.org/tiger/|tiger]] | Have a look at at e.g. [[http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/chkrootkit|chkrootkit]] and tiger [[http://www.nongnu.org/tiger/|tiger]] | ||
| + | ===== Greeting ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | If you fancy a nice greeting message: | ||
| + | |||
| + | <file bash /etc/update-motd.d/99-greeting> | ||
| + | #!/bin/bash | ||
| + | |||
| + | # http://patorjk.com/software/taag/#p=display&h=1&f=Calvin%20S&t=my-server-name | ||
| + | # http://patorjk.com/software/taag/#p=display&h=1&v=0&f=ANSI%20Regular&t=my-server-name | ||
| + | echo "┌┬┐┬ ┬ ┌─┐┌─┐┬─┐┬ ┬┌─┐┬─┐ ┌┐┌┌─┐┌┬┐┌─┐" | ||
| + | echo "│││└┬┘───└─┐├┤ ├┬┘└┐┌┘├┤ ├┬┘───│││├─┤│││├┤ " | ||
| + | echo "┴ ┴ ┴ └─┘└─┘┴└─ └┘ └─┘┴└─ ┘└┘┴ ┴┴ ┴└─┘" | ||
| + | |||
| + | # or alternatively | ||
| + | # figlet my-server-name | ||
| + | </file> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Don't forget to make the file executable. | ||
| + | |||
| + | When using ''byobu'' delete ''~/.hushlogin'' to still see the greeting (and all other info you usually get when logging in). | ||
| ===== More Resources ===== | ===== More Resources ===== | ||
| - | [[http://plusbryan.com/my-first-5-minutes-on-a-server-or-essential-security-for-linux-servers]]\\ | + | [[https://www.ubuntupit.com/best-linux-hardening-security-tips-a-comprehensive-checklist/]] |
| - | [[https://www.thefanclub.co.za/how-to/how-secure-ubuntu-1204-lts-server-part-1-basics]] | + | |
ubuntu_server_setup.txt · Last modified: 2021/10/18 16:19 by mstraub
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