linux:installation
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linux:installation [2018/12/07 11:13] mstraub [Mounting] |
linux:installation [2019/10/21 14:09] (current) mstraub [Debian (.deb)] |
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| </code> | </code> | ||
| + | ===== Hostname ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | The host name is persisted in ''/etc/hostname'' and can be shown with ''hostname'' or (using the systemd-way) with ''hostnamectl''. | ||
| + | |||
| + | To change the host name | ||
| + | - use ''sudo hostname <NAME>'' to set the host name now (would not survive a reboot) | ||
| + | - edit ''/etc/hostname'' to set it permanently | ||
| + | - edit ''/etc/hosts'' to properly map the new host name to localhost | ||
| + | |||
| + | Instead of the first two steps you can also use | ||
| + | <code bash> | ||
| + | hostnamectl set-hostname <NAME> | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| ===== Date & Timezone ===== | ===== Date & Timezone ===== | ||
| Line 534: | Line 547: | ||
| ===== Debian (.deb) ===== | ===== Debian (.deb) ===== | ||
| - | Quick overview of commands & config files involved in Debian: | + | Package management for debian is handled by the [[https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/sect.apt-get.html|Advanced Packaging Tool (APT)]] |
| + | |||
| + | The configuration files specify (amongst others) which repositories are used for downloading packages: | ||
| <code bash> | <code bash> | ||
| - | dpkg # simple utility to handle single packages | + | /etc/apt/sources.list # main config file |
| - | apt-get # install / remove / update packages (uses dpkg) | + | /etc/apt/sources.list.d # directory with more configs (mostly for repositories with their own config file) |
| - | apt-mark # hold / unhold packages (aka apt pinning) | + | |
| - | apt-cache # cache for searching packages | + | |
| - | dselect # curses GUI for selecting and installing programs | + | |
| - | aptitude # curses GUI and command line tool that unites apt-get, apt-cache and dselect | + | |
| - | cat /etc/apt/sources.list # main config file containing addresses for package sources | + | |
| - | ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d # directory with more config files containing addresses for package sources | + | |
| </code> | </code> | ||
| - | When not using ''aptitude'' the following commands are tpically used. Otherwise simply replace ''apt-get'' and ''apt-cache'' with ''aptitude''. | + | Since ~2014 the standard CLI tool is ''apt'', which is a more modern version the older tools ''apt-get'', ''apt-cache'', etc. Most commands known from the older tools work in ''apt'', but most of the times with nicer or more verbose output. |
| <code bash> | <code bash> | ||
| - | apt-get update # synchronize list of available packages with server | + | apt update # synchronize list of available packages with server |
| - | apt-cache search # search for a package (partial name is OK) | + | apt search # search for a package (partial name is OK) |
| - | apt-get upgrade # upgrade upgradable packages (not if new dependencies are requird) | + | apt install # install packages (exact name required) |
| - | apt-get dist-upgrade # upgrade upgradable packages (and install new dependencies if required) | + | apt upgrade # upgrade upgradable packages (not if new dependencies are required) |
| - | apt-get install # install packages (exact name required) | + | apt dist-upgrade # upgrade upgradable packages (and install new dependencies if required) |
| - | apt-get remove # remove packages (exact name required) but leave config files | + | apt list --installed # list installed packages |
| - | apt-get purge # remove packages (exact name required) and config files | + | apt remove # remove packages (exact name required) but leave config files |
| + | apt purge # remove packages (exact name required) and config files | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | However, if you still need the stable lower-level tools they are still available too. This is also relevant for writing scripts, as of 2019 apt tells you ''WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code bash> | ||
| + | dpkg # low-level tool to handle installations of single packages | ||
| + | apt-get # medium-level tool to install / remove / update packages and their dependencies (uses dpkg) | ||
| + | apt-mark # hold / unhold packages (aka apt pinning) | ||
| + | apt-cache # medium-level tool to query the package cache | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Finally there are also third party tools that provide similar functionality: | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | dselect # curses GUI for selecting and installing programs | ||
| + | aptitude # curses GUI and command line tool that unites apt-get, apt-cache and dselect | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
linux/installation.1544177586.txt.gz · Last modified: 2018/12/07 11:13 by mstraub
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